Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.9.7

Young Graphs: 1089 et al.


L. H. Kendrick
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139
USA

Abstract:

This paper deals with those positive integers N such that, for given integers g and k with 2 ≤ k < g, the base-g digits of kN appear in reverse order from those of N. Such N are called (g, k) reverse multiples. Young, in 1992, developed a kind of tree reflecting properties of these numbers; Sloane, in 2013, modified these trees into directed graphs and introduced certain combinatorial methods to determine from these graphs the number of reverse multiples for given values of g and k with a given number of digits. We prove Sloanes isomorphism conjectures for 1089 graphs and complete graphs, namely that the Young graph for g and k is a 1089 graph if and only if k+1 | g and is a complete Young graph on m nodes if and only if ⌊ gcd(g - k, k2 - 1)/(k + 1) ⌋ = m - 1. We also extend his study of cyclic Young graphs and prove a minor result on isomorphism and the nodes adjacent to the node [0, 0].


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(Concerned with sequences A001232 A008918 A008919 A031877 A169824.)


Received April 10 2015; revised version received August 16 2015; August 20 2015. Published in Journal of Integer Sequences, August 21 2015.


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